D'Amico, A., Silva, K., & Gallo, J. (2021, April 1). Time course of acute hip adduction range of motion changes following foam rolling. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy. 16(2), 431-437. https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.21417
Background: With the increased popularity of foam rolling (FR), it is important to establish the exact manner in which the practice is useful.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of FR the iliotibial (IT) band on hip adduction range of motion (ROM) and the short-term time course of any ROM changes that may occur.
Method: In a within-subject design, 34 subjects (21 female, 13 male) (female mean age 24.67 ± 8.6 yrs, height 161.4 ± 9.8 cm, mass 67.3 ± 12.3 kg; male mean age 22 ± 2.5 yrs, height 170.2 ± 8.2 cm, mass 76.3 ± 21.9 kg) underwent a baseline Ober’s test to measure hip adduction ROM prior to the FR and control conditions. Subjects rolled the lateral portion of each thigh for 3 bouts of 20 seconds. A tempo of 3 seconds down and 3 seconds up the leg was maintained across FR bouts. A 5-minute walk served as the control condition. The Ober’s test was repeated at less than 1 minute, 3 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, and 20 minutes following the FR bouts and the control to assess changes in hip adduction ROM over time. A blinded clinician conducted the Ober’s test. A two-way analysis of variance was used to assess differences by condition and time.
Results: No differences in hip adduction ROM were found at baseline between FR and CON within subjects (27.9 cm ± 7.5 vs. 27.7 cm ± 6.6, p > .05). Ober’s test ROM was significantly greater in FR compared to CON immediately post-treatment (24.2 cm ± 6.3 vs. 28.2 cm ± 6.3, p = .00, d = .59), and 3 minutes post (24.6 cm ± 7.6 vs. 28.3 cm ± 5.9, p = .00, d = .56). No differences were observed 10 minutes post, 15 minutes post, or 20 minutes post FR or CON (p > .05).
Discussion: Compared to walking, FR the IT band significantly increased hip adduction ROM as measured by the Ober’s test. These increases appear to dissipate between 3 and 10 minutes post-FR.
Conclusion: An acute bout of 3 sets of 20 seconds of FR may be effective for transiently increasing ROM. Whether these short-term increases have implications for chronic flexibility changes is unclear.
Level of evidence: 2
El-Sherif, J. (2021). Teacher thinking and planning in physical education: Answering the question, “why?”. Strategies, 34(4), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/08924562.2021.1919579
Abstract
As physical educators, our goal is to develop a curriculum that helps students’ master skills and prepare them for a lifetime of physical activity. According to SHAPE America, “Physical education provides students with a planned, sequential, K-12 standards-based program of curricula and instruction designed to develop motor skills, knowledge and behaviors for active living, physical fitness, sportsmanship, self-efficacy and emotional intelligence.” This article uses Saphier and Gower’s five levels of teacher thinking to enhance teaching and planning in physical education.
Gillis, D.J., Moriarty, J., Douglas, N., Ely, B.R., Silva, K., & Gallo, J.A. (2021). The effect of body surface area exposure to menthol on temperature regulation and perception in men. Journal of Thermal Biology. 99, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102982
Abstract
Larson, E.A., Ely, B.R., Brunt, V.E., Francisco, M.A., Harris, S.H., Halliwill, J.R., & Minson C.T. (2021). Brachial and carotid hemodynamic response to hot water immersion in men and women. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative, and Comparative Physiology. 321. R823–R832, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00110.2021
Abstract
This study sought to compare the brachial and carotid hemodynamic response to hot water immersion (HWI) between healthy young men and women. Ten women (W) and 11 men (M) (24 ± 4 yr) completed a 60-min HWI session immersed to the level of the sternum in 40°C water. Brachial and carotid artery hemodynamics (Doppler ultrasound) were measured at baseline (seated rest) and every 15 min throughout HWI. Within the brachial artery, total shear rate was elevated to a greater extent in women [+479 (+364, +594) s−1] than in men [+292 (+222, +361) s−1] during HWI (P = 0.005). As shear rate is inversely proportional to blood vessel diameter and directly proportional to blood flow velocity, the sex difference in brachial shear response to HWI was the result of a smaller brachial diameter among women at baseline (P < 0.0001) and throughout HWI (main effect of sex, P < 0.0001) and a greater increase in brachial velocity seen in women [+48 (+36, +61) cm/s] compared with men [+35 (+27, +43) cm/s] with HWI (P = 0.047) which allowed for a similar increase in brachial blood flow between sexes [M: +369 (+287, +451) mL/min, W: +364 (+243, +486) mL/min, P = 0.943]. In contrast, no differences were seen between sexes in carotid total shear rate, flow, velocity, or diameter at baseline or throughout HWI. These data indicate the presence of an artery-specific sex difference in the hemodynamic response to a single bout of HWI.
Gillis, D.J., Moriarty, J., Douglas, N., Ely, B.R., Silva, K., & Gallo, J.A (2021). The effect of body surface area exposure to menthol on temperature regulation and perception in men. Journal of Thermal Biology. doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102982
Gillis, D.J., Moriarty, J., Douglas, N., Ely, B.R., Silva, K., & Gallo, J.A. (2021). The effect of body surface area exposure to menthol on temperature regulation and perception in men. Journal of Thermal Biology. doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102982
Gillis, D.J., Moriarty, J., Douglas, N., Ely, B.R., Silva, K., & Gallo, J.A. (2021). The effect of body surface area exposure to menthol on temperature regulation and perception in men. Journal of Thermal Biology. 99, 2021. doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102982
Girginov, V., Smolianov, P., & Dolmatova, T. (2021). Multi-level leadership in Russian elite sport. In S.A. Andersen, P.Ø. Hansen, & B. Houlihan (Eds.), Embedded Multi-Level Leadership in Elite Sport. London and New York: Routledge.
Abstract
Elite sport in Russia is a part of a comprehensive state system of physical culture rooted in long traditions for the harmonious development of the person. It is governed by laws and regulations and is subject to a good degree of bureaucratic control. The elite sport system serves a number of social, political, ideological and economic functions. The governance of Russian elite sport system has been increasingly diversified to include a growing number of non-state actors and sources of funding. As a result, traditional leadership approaches have been challenged and elite sport leaders have found themselves in unchartered territories where they have to balance the interests of state and non-profit and commercial actors. Leadership of elite sport has exhibited some marked differences between Olympic and non-Olympic sports such as karate. The political environment and the recent drive to commercialisation have been the most influencing factors shaping the leadership of elite sport.
Smolianov, P., Grønkjær, A., Ridpath. D., & Dolmatova, T. (2021). USA and leadership in elite ice hockey. In Andersen, S. A., Hansen, P.Ø., & Houlihan, B. (Editors) Embedded Multi-Level Leadership in Elite Sport. London and New York: Routledge.
Abstract
This chapter looks at a major sport in terms of popularity and commercial value. In contrast to other professional leagues in the US, two-thirds of the players are foreign. The entertainment value of professional sport and the need to do well in the national series undermine local development and the competitiveness of the national team. Several programmes are in place to recruit and develop young players and operate in a heterogeneous context, where community clubs, schools and colleges are important players. However, in contrast to other countries both the federal- and state-level authorities and sport associations have very limited ambitions and capacities for policymaking and coordination of activities.
Smolianov, P., Bowers, M.T., & Babiak K. (2021). Atlanta 1996: celebration of a century. In S. Harris & M. Dowling (Eds.), Sport Participation and Olympic Legacies: A Comparative Study. London and New York: Routledge.
Book Abstract
This book examines claims that the Olympic Games are a vehicle to inspire and increase mass sport participation. It focuses on the mass sport participation legacy of the most recent hosts of the summer Olympics, including Atlanta, Sydney, Athens, Beijing, London, Rio, and Tokyo.
It is organised by host city/country and applies an analytical framework to each, addressing the socio-political context that shapes sport policy, the key changes in sport policy, the structure and governance of community sport, the Olympic and Paralympic legacy, and the changes in mass sport participation before, during, and after the Games.
The book is important reading for students, researchers, and policymakers working in sport governance, sport development or management, and the sport policy sector.
Altukhov, S., Dolmatova, T., & Smolianov, P. (2021). Analyzing management background and board composition in Russian Olympic sport federations’ governing boards. Journal of Sports Law, Policy and Governance. 2(2), 78-87.
Abstract
The relevance of this study is conditioned by the ongoing crisis in Russian sport and its consequences. High-profile stories and scandals in which Russian athletes and officials have been involved and accused started after Sochi winter Olympics in 2014. Mutual accusations and misunderstandings have resulted in Russian national teams and officials being disqualified from participating in international sporting events until December 16, 2022 by a decision of the Court of Arbitration for Sport in Lausanne. This study of the structure and personnel composition of the Boards of Directors, Executive Committees, Presidiums and Boards of 39 summer Olympic sports federations identifies patterns at the management level. In addition, new requirements for the effectiveness of sport federations in Russia set the task of correlating the parameters of effectiveness assessment, declared as part of state policy in sport, with the available staff.
Smolianov P., Dolmatova, T., Schoen, C., Dion, S., Boucher, C., O’Neill, S., Kozlowski, B., Brennan, T., & Ulloa, T. (2021, April). US wrestling system: examining micro-level practices against a global model for integrated development of mass and elite sport. Proceedings of XV Annual International Scientific and Practical Conference for Students and Young Researchers “Modern University Sport Science”, 303, 227-230. Russian State University of Physical Education, Sport, Youth and Tourism, Moscow, Russia.